Cambridge International History Year 1 (AS)-P.4 Assignments

(On a separate document) Answer the following completely in academic language and complete sentences
based on Ienaga, Japan's Last War, "Thought Control and Indoctrination," pg.13-32. Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length.

1) How did the Japanese regime that formed during the Meiji Restoration undermine intellectual freedoms? How did this impact Japan’s long term development?
2) What does Ienaga mean when he asserts an “intellectual vacuum” (pg. 15) existed in Japan? Who filled it?
3) How did the Japanese government control the educational system? How was this used as a tool of radical nationalism?
4) Why were most Japanese unable to overcome the indoctrination of their education after leaving school?
5) The Japanese government found the uneducated and highly university educated were the most rebellious. The “middle” was the best for their designs. How can we explain this?

(On a separate document) Answer the following completely in academic language and complete sentences
based on Sun Yat-sen's "Three Stages of Revolution." Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length.

1. How does Sun Yat-sen understand the roles of the revolutionary
government and of the people respectively? How do the two (people and
government) relate to each other, and how is that relationship to develop
and change over time?
2. How does Sun view the Chinese people? Compare his view to that of Liang
Qichao in his observations on his trip to North America.
3. How does Sun imagine the revolutionary government developing and
changing over time? What factors might lead government to develop in
directions different from those that Sun imagines?
4. How long might it take to complete these three stages of revolution?

(On a separate document) Answer the following completely in academic language and complete sentences
based on Williamson, International History, 1870-1945, pg.153-156. Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length.


1) Based on this reading, what was appeasement?
2) How did economic and military considerations impact British/French appeasement policy?
3) How did changing relations with the USSR impact impact British/French appeasement policy?
4) What were the major acts of appeasement from 1936-38? How did each “appease” Nazi Germany?
5) What is your take on appeasement? Was this a foolish policy that was pursued by the British and French that should have been avoided? Or is there merit to appeasement?

(On a separate document) Answer the following completely in academic language and complete sentences
based on Rau, "The Weimar Republic, 1917-33." Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length.

1) Why did the Spanish Civil War break out? Consider short and long-term causes.
2) What were the two factions of the Spanish Civil War? What groups supported them?
3) Why did Francisco Franco and the Nationalists prevail in the Spanish Civil War?
4) How were foreign countries involved in the Spanish Civil War? What were their impacts on the outcome?
5) What is the significance of the Spanish Civil War to understanding international relations in the 1930s?

(On a separate document) Answer the following completely in academic language and complete sentences
based on Hitler's Mein Kampf, Ch.3 "Subjects and Citizens." Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length.

1) How do people become citizens in Weimar Germany (according to Hitler)? What rights are they granted?
2) Hitler comments positively on citizenship standards in the U.S. during the 1920s. Why/for what reasons?
3) Hitler defines three categories of people who will exist in Nazi Germany. What are they and how are each of these categories defined?
4) How does this excerpt from Mein Kampf connect to what you know about Hitler’s political ideology that we’ve learned in class?

(On a separate document) Answer the following completely in academic language and complete sentences
based on Laddaga, "A City for Poets and Pirates: Gabrielle D'Annunzio and the Fiume Adventure." Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length.



1) Who was Gabrielle D’Annunzio? Why was he inspired to take over Fiume?
2) Who were the men who supported D’Annunzio’s takeover of Fiume? Why were they drawn to his movement?
3) Describe the “Charter of Carnaro” (the founding document for D’Annunzio’s new nation in Fiume). What was this new national supposed to look like? How was it structured?
4) Why did D’Annunzio’s government ultimately collapse? What happened to him following the end of the Fiume Crisis? 
5) How are the problems of the interwar period (aftermath of WWI, treaties of the Paris Peace Conference, political and economic instability, etc.) reflected in the events of the Fiume Crisis?

See instructions on the attached document.

The origin overview is contained in the left-hand box.

(On a separate document) Answer the following completely in academic language and complete sentences
based on Condren, "Soviet Foreign Policy, 1917-41." Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length.

1) What methods did Soviet leaders use in their foreign policy from 1917-41? How did Soviet strength/power factor into these methods?
2) Summarize Phases 1-3 (1917-31) of Soviet foreign policy. What were the goals of this period? What was accomplished? (Be sure to note the evolution of policy over this period).
3) Summarize Phases 4-6 (1931-41) of Soviet foreign policy. What were the goals of this period? What was accomplished? (Be sure to note the evolution of policy over this period).
4) Based on what I have read (and after reading Condren’s conclusion) how successful was Soviet foreign policy during this period? On what ground do you argue this?

(On a separate document) Answer the following completely in academic language and complete sentences
based on Rau, "Weapons and Tactics of World War I." Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length.

1) How was land warfare in World War I shaped by new technological advances?
2) How did air warfare and naval warfare impact the course of World War I?
3) What resources did belligerent nations need to manage during World War I? Why was resource management considered so important to the outcome of the war?
4) After reading this overview, how might the type of warfare in World War I (land, sea, and air) impacted soldiers psychologically and emotionally?

(On a separate document) Answer the following questions completely in academic language and complete sentences based on Carter's “What Happens When A Bad-Tempered Distractible Doofus Runs an Empire?” Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length. These should be completed before class.



1) How does Carter describe Kaiser Wilhelm II? What were his faults as leader of Germany?
2) On what grounds does Carter compare Kaiser Wilhelm II to Donald Trump? Based on your own opinion and knowledge, to what extent are these comparisons fair? 
3) What was Kaiser Wilhelm II’s “darkest secret?” Why might this have made him a poor leader?
4) Looking at the last page of the text, what does Carter argue are the dangers of leaders like Kaiser Wilhelm II? What should we as historians understand about them?
5) What are the values and limitations of an article like this one written by Miranda Carter?

(On a separate document) Answer the following questions completely in academic language and complete sentences based on Fukuzawa Yukichi's writings in "Japanese Enlightenment and Saying Good-bye to Asia." Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length. These should be completed in class.


1) What does Fukuzawa Yukichi mean when he says Japan lacks a “spirit of independence?” Why does he believe this?
2) How does Fukuzawa argue a “spirit of independence” can be created in Japan? Who must do it? 
3) What is Fukuzawa’s attitude toward Western imperialism? How should he suggest Japan should deal with growing Western influence in Asia?
4) What is Fukuzawa’s attitude toward Japan’s Asian neighbors (China and Korea)? How does he think these nations negatively impact Japan and what should be done about it?

(On a separate document) Answer the following questions completely in academic language and complete sentences based on Johnson, "The Largest Human Zoo in World History" and "Living Exhibits at the 1904 World's Fair Revisited." Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length. These should be completed in class.


1) What does the author mean when he says the purpose of the St. Louis World’s Fair (Forest Park) was meant to demonstrate the “apotheosis” of human history?
2) What types of people were exhibited at the human zoo of the 1904 St. Louis Worlds’ Fair? Based on your reading, why do you think they were being exhibited?
3) The St. Louis World’s Fair (1904) occurred as the United States was emerging as an imperial power, having just taken over several territories such as the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. How was the fair and its message connected to American imperialism?
4) Based on the NPR clip, who were the Igorot? Why did they become such a sensation at the 1904 St. Louis World’s fair? What attempts have been made to address their treatment in the city of St. Louis?

(On a separate document) Answer the following questions completely in academic language and complete sentences based on Frederick Jackson Turner's "Significance of the Frontier in American History" (1893) and Alfred T. Mahan's The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890). Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length. These should be completed in class.

1) What linkage does Frederick Jackson Turner make between expansion and the development of the United States? (Cite specific examples).
2) The title of Admiral Alfred T. Mahan’s book is The Influence of Sea Power Upon History. Based on this excerpt from his text, what does Mahan argue the importance of sea power has been on history?
3) How does imperialism and the possession of colonies factor into Mahan’s thinking about the importance of sea power?4) Frederick Jackson Turner and Admiral Mahan knew one another and Mahan explicitly drew from Turner’s work in writing The Influence of Sea Power Upon History. Both men’s works were widely read in late-nineteenth century America. How might their ideas impact the desires of the American government and public to pursue imperialism?

(On a separate document) Answer the following questions completely
in academic language and complete sentences based on The History of China's "The Boxer Rebellion Explained" videos. Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length.



1) How, when, and where did the Boxer Rebellion begin? Who were the Boxers (Yihequan)? (Part 1)
2) Why do you think the Boxers targeted Chinese Christians and foreign missionaries so aggressively? (Part 1)
3) What was the “Legations Quarter"? Where was it and why did it become a major scene of fighting in the rebellion? (Part 1)
4) Why did the Qing Dynasty and Dowager Empress Cixi join the Boxers? What impact did this have on the course of the Boxer Rebellion? (Part 1 & 2)
5) Why did the Russians become heavily involved in fighting outside of Beijing? How did they especially benefit from the outcome of the Boxer Rebellion (Part 1 & 2)
6) What was the Gaselee Expedition? How did it ultimately turn the tide of the Boxer Rebellion? (Part 2)
7) What were the terms of the Boxer Protocols? How did the outcome of the Boxer Rebellion impact China long term? (Part 2)

(On a separate document) Answer the following questions completely
in academic language and complete sentences based on "Where There Aren't No Ten Commandments," in Hochschild's King Leopold's Ghost (1998). Answers should be
~1 solid paragraph in length.



1) How did King Leopold II utilize private companies to colonize and profit off the Congo?
2) How was the chicotte central to Belgian colonial rule? Why did few report on its use?
3) What was the Force Publique? How was it used by the Belgians?
4) What was the state of slavery in the Belgian Congo? How was it covered up by authorities?
5) What does the story of Ilanga (pg. 131-133) tell us about Belgian rule in the Congo?

Please complete the questions listed below in complete sentences - be as detailed as possible :)