HOTA/Cambridge International Year 2-P.2 Assignments

Please submit a copy that includes all four components of the IA: ID & Evaluation of Sources, Investigation, Reflection, and Bibliography

(On a separate document) Answer the following completely in academic language and complete sentences
based on Williamson, The Cold War: Superpower Tensions, Ch.6, pg. 211-219.  Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length.

1) Which African territories rebelled against the Portuguese during the Cold War? What was the nature of the movements that resisted their control? (Give specific examples).
2) Explain the Angolan Civil War. What were its consequences for Angola and surrounding nations?
3) What was the state of Ethiopia during the Cold War? How did the US and USSR approach Ethiopia during this period?
4) Explain the Ogaden War. What were its consequences in the Horn of Africa and on the superpowers (US & USSR)?
5) How was the Cold War in Africa similar and/or different from other decolonial contexts during the Cold War? (Ex. Latin America, Southeast Asia, etc.)

Rather than an in class lesson for Imperialism and Resistance in Southeast Asia, you will be doing a reading and answering discussion questions that we will cover on Tuesday and Wednesday. The reading and questions are attached below.

Unlike normal discussion questions, these will be entered in the Homework/classwork category, not the participation category.

(On a separate document) Answer the following completely in academic language and complete sentences
based on the two linked Kissinger obituaries: The one from his website and Ackerman's from Rolling Stone. Read the Kissinger website first. Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length.



1) Summarize the perspective presented by Henry Kissinger’s website on his life and work. Be detailed.
2) Summarize the perspective presented by Ackerman in Rolling Stone on Kissinger’s life and work. Be detailed.
3) Ackerman begins his obituary by discussing Timothy McVeigh, the white supremacist who killed 168 people in the Oklahoma City Bombing in 1995 as a means of framing a conversation about culpability for murder. How effective was this as a rhetorical tactic? Should McVeigh’s actions and Kissinger’s be comparable? 
4) Ackerman asserts that “Kissinger’s Ascent occurred through an obscenity that time cannot diminish.” What is he talking about?
5) After reading these two accounts of Kissinger’s life, how do they differ? What is your opinion on the man and his legacy?

Based on Herbert Matthews New York Times article from 1957. See the hyperlink on the OPCVL template for "Origin."

(On a separate document) Answer the following completely in academic language and complete sentences
based on Gati's "The Revolt That Did Not Have to Fail." Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length.

1) What is Gati’s thesis in the conclusion of his book? (This is from a longer survey on the Hungarian Uprising). To what extent do you agree or disagree with his assessments?
2) How does Gati assess the roles of the USSR, US, the UN, Hungary’s government, and the revolutionaries in the 1956 uprising?
3) How does Gati argue that the above mentioned groups should have moderated their behaviors in the uprising to create a more beneficial outcome? 
4) Gati’s work was one of an array of historical works written for the 50th anniversary of the 1956 uprising. It is considered among the most provocative - and controversial. Do you think there is value in the sort of retrospective analysis he deploys in Failed Illusions?

(On a separate document) Answer the following completely in academic language and complete sentences
based on Khrushchev's "Secret Speech" ("On the Cult of Personality and It's Consequences"). Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length.

1)  Khruschev’s speech is an open rebuke of Stalin. What policies and actions does Khrushchev criticize his predecessor?
2) In the middle part of his speech, Khrushchev begins listing specific party members and Soviet citizens that were caught up in Stalin’s policies. Based on the tone and content, why do you think he does this?
3) What are Khrushchev’s recommendations for the CPSU moving forward? How should they abolish the “cult of personality” of Stalin?
4) What are the values and limitations of the “Secret Speech” for historians in understanding the post-Stalin transition of power? 

Please answer the following discussion questions (in complete sentences) and submit before our seminar on Wednesday. These are based on the Ch.8 of Cumings's The Korean War, "The Forgotten War that Remade the United States and the Cold War." 

1) What is Cumings’ argument in this chapter? What evidence does he use to support his argument?
2) Based on the reading, what is the “military industrial complex?” How did the Korean War lead to the expansion of this institution in the U.S.?
3) Cumings describes the U.S. “archipelago of empire” following the Korean War. What does he mean by this? Why did it expand?
4) Cumings mentions Dean Acheson (Secretary of State) and George Kennan (Ambassador and Foreign Policy Advisor) several times in this text. What were their perspectives on foreign policy? According to Cumings, which perspective won out?

Before filling this out, be sure to look at relevant IA materials like the IA Overview and Release samples with comments.

ONLY TO BE COMPLETED BY IB STUDENTS

Please answer the following discussion questions (in complete sentences) and submit before our seminar on Wednesday. These are based on the Ch.4 of Lynch's Authoritarian States textbook, pg. 132-42. The PDF can be found under course materials.


1) How was the government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) structured? What was Mao’s role in this system?
2) What movements and campaigns did Mao institute to expand his control over China? 
3) What was the “100 Flowers Campaign?” What historical debates exist around its implementation?
4) What was the nature of Mao Zedong’s economic policies? What was the Great Leap Forward? How successful was this in advancing the Chinese economy?

Be sure to also consult LaFeber, Ch. 4

Please answer the following discussion questions (in complete sentences) and submit before our seminar on Wednesday. These are based on the "Long Telegram," Wallace, and Novikov primary sources from Major Problems in American History Since 1945 (Red/white book)

1) What
are Kennan’s perceptions of Russian/Soviet society and politics based on
his experiences in the country in the Long Telegram?


2) Kennan emphasized that while dangerous, the USSR did not need to be dealt with militarily? What evidence does he provide to support this?
3) What is the purpose of Secretary of Commerce Wallace’s letter to President Truman? How does this differ from Kennan’s “Long Telegram?”
4) How does Novikov characterize United States foreign policy in his report to Stalin? What evidence does he use to support this?
5) Novikov’s report is often called the “Soviet Long Telegram.” Compare and contrast the Novikov report with Kennan’s “Long Telegram.” How are they similar and different?

Please answer the following discussion questions (in complete sentences) and submit before our seminar on Wednesday.

1) Why are their different and competing interpretations of the Cold War among historians?
2) What are the perspectives of the "Orthodox School" of historians regarding the outbreak of the Cold War?
3) What are the perspectives of the "Revisionist School" of historians regarding the outbreak of the Cold War?
4) What are the perspectives of the "Post-Revisionist School" of historians regarding the outbreak of the Cold War? How does this perspective differ from the Orthodox and Revisionist Schools?

3 pages maximum!

(On a separate document) Answer the following questions completely
in academic language and complete sentences based on Daniels, "The Oil Expropriation" and Anguiano's "Cardenas and the Masses." Answers should be ~1 solid paragraph in length.


1) What was the reaction of the Mexican people to Cardenas’ oil expropriation? Which groups came out to support him?
2) Josephus Daniels was an American diplomat and Ambassador to Mexico under FDR. What do you think his attitude toward oil expropriation and Cardenas were from reading this?
3) What are “mass politics,” according to Anguiano? How did Cardenas influence their development in Mexico?
4) Anguiano argues that Cardenas’ labor policies were beneficial for workers, but “did not run the risk of being counterproductive for the state or the nations’ capitalists.” How did he accomplish this balance?
5) Anguiano viewed Cardenas’ politics through a Marxist lens of worker consciousness and social transformation. To what extent do you think Cardenas’ policies reflect Marxist ideals? Based on the readings and what we have learned in class, do you think he saw himself as a Marxist?